Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are instruments that transform sunlight into using photovoltaic cells. These are an green and renewable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a system that captures sunlight to convert heat, usually used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses solar radiation to generate warmth, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or power generation. It is a renewable and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the UK known for its abundant cultural legacy, iconic landmarks, and vibrant urban areas like London. It boasts a varied scenery of undulating terrain, historic forts, and busy metropolitan areas that mix tradition with modern innovation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the natural radiance emitted by the star, vital for existence on Earth as it supplies power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electricity is a kind of power due to the movement of electrically charged entities, primarily electrons. It drives innumerable devices and infrastructures, supporting contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a renewable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the single-direction flow of electric charge, typically produced by battteries, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, rendering it essential for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A battery is a unit that stores chemical energy and converts it into current to run various electronic devices. It consists of one or more galvanic cells, each containing electrode pairs interposed by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight immediately into power using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green power solution that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and supports renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that converts DC produced by solar panels into AC suitable for household use and grid integration. It is essential for enhancing energy performance and providing reliable, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes direction periodically, usually used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It permits efficient transmission of electricity over extended spans and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that manages the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from excess charging and harm. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to determine the dimension, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, climate gauges, and barometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement throughout the day, maximizing energy absorption. This technology boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are large-scale plants that utilize sunlight to create electricity using many solar panels. They supply a renewable and renewable energy resource, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves placing photovoltaic cells on building roofs to generate electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-connected photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with solar panels that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This power is then sent wirelessly to our planet for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems save excess energy generated from green sources or the grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy independence and efficiency. These solutions typically utilize batteries to offer backup energy, lower energy expenses, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells chronicles the advancement and advancements in solar power technology from the early discovery of the solar effect to current high-performance solar panels. It highlights key milestones, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous innovations that have significantly boosted energy conversion and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Edmond Becquerel was a French-born scientist famous for his innovative work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His tests laid the foundation for understanding how radiation interacts with specific substances to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of Se in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free platform used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optical science. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States inventor who invented the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the groundwork for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern solar energy technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious R&D entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the origin of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its key role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar cells. It is a solid, brittle crystalline solid with a steel-gray metallic luster, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little unit installed on each solar module to transform direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) locally. This method enhances system performance, allows for enhanced performance monitoring, and improves power output in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar cell is a unit that turns sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in solar arrays to offer a green and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon serves as a fundamental particle which represents a unit of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying with it energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It plays a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena such as reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances convert sunlight directly into electricity through the production of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the fundamental foundation behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the utilization of solar sunlight for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the main platform where microchips are built through methods like doping, etching, and coating. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic systems due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its organized, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, flexible design, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a lower cost. They use strata of semiconductor substances only a few micrometers thick to transform sunlight into usable electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as occupants, fixtures, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits connect components end-to-end, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components across the identical voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification represents the velocity at which electric power is transferred by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable energy, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a measure of energy conversion in the International System of Units, showing the measure of energy flow or conversion. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which pushes the movement of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in V and represents the energy per unit charge ready to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the base unit of voltage, electric potential difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the electric energy per coulomb between locations in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electrical charge through a conductor, typically measured in A. It is essential for powering electronic equipment and allowing the working of electrical circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the measure of electric flow in the International System of Units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electric charge through a conductor over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load indicates the level of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and capacity of power systems to guarantee reliable and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical housing used to safely house wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, guaranteeing durability and efficient electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a easy and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for powering and supplying a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that transforms DC from sources like cells or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It allows the application of regular electrical equipment in settings where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack serves as an collection of numerous individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar tracking systems automatically regulate the position of solar modules to track the sun’s path throughout the day, enhancing solar energy capture. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar energy collection by maintaining best panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a method used to enhance the power output of solar panel setups by continuously adjusting the operating point to match the peak power point of the solar cells. This process ensures the most efficient power harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a device that tracks and examines the effectiveness of solar panel systems in live, delivering useful data on energy production and system health. It assists enhance solar power output by spotting faults promptly and ensuring maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in multiple portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a eco-friendly energy source. They are frequently used in solar arrays to generate electricity for homes, devices, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless small silicon crystal structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and microchip production. Its production involves liquefying and reforming silicon to create a pure, polycrystalline type suitable for electronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a uniform crystal structure, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its consistent framework allows for enhanced electron transfer, resulting in superior performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics constitute a category of film solar method that provides a economical and high-performance option for large-scale solar energy generation. They are recognized for their great absorption efficiency and comparatively reduced manufacturing expenses versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate photovoltaic cells that employ a multi-layered material of Cu, indium, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are noted for their great light capturing performance, flexibility, and potential for portable, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous molecular structure, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its affordability and adaptable characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, reducing costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that use various p-n junctions stacked together to capture a broader range of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. These are mainly applied in space applications and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays serve as crucial elements that generate sunlight into electrical energy to operate onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its great electron mobility and performance in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV use focusing elements or reflectors to direct sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-junction solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This technique is ideal for massive solar power plants in regions with clear sunlight, delivering a economical solution for large-scale energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Flexible silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a portable, economical alternative to conventional silicon PV modules with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological fields. These films are crucial in electronic devices, light manipulation, and coverings for their particular physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A coating is a sheet of compound spanning tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in depth, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronic devices, optics, and medicine, to modify surface characteristics or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement equivalent to one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Measuring tools are accurate devices used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or depths, commonly in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a narrow, circular piece of silicon crystal used as the substrate for constructing semiconductor devices. It functions as the core material in the creation of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are flexible photovoltaic devices known for their superior output and adaptability, ideal for diverse applications. They utilize a stratified semiconductor structure that transforms sunlight straight into electricity with remarkable efficiency in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Solar power setups convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic cells, supplying a sustainable energy source for household, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, renewable, and cost-effective way to cut down reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that transforms sunlight into power using a photosensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to conventional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that use organic materials, to turn solar radiation into electrical power. They are easy to handle, pliable, and provide cost-effective, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS (Copper is a potential semiconductor substance used in thin-film solar panels due to its abundant and non-toxic elements. Its superior photo-electronic properties make it an attractive alternative for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of architectural elements, such as roof surfaces, facades, and fenestration. This innovative approach enhances energy performance while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with minimal distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency permits light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves the process of applying a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building glazing to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It enhances privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A collection of photovoltaic power stations overview various extensive solar energy facilities around the world, demonstrating their capacities and positions. These stations function a crucial role in green energy production and international efforts to cut carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are large-scale installations that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as waste, global warming, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, wind, and water. It offers a sustainable option to fossil fuels, decreasing ecological footprint and supporting long-term energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, petroleum, and natural gas, are finite resources formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the main fuels for electrical energy and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various energy sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear energy, and sustainable resources into electrical energy. This process generally happens in power stations where turbines and generators work together to produce power for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, harmful elements such as lead, quicksilver, Cd, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness measures how efficiently a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable power. Boosting this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for increasing renewable energy production and cutting reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This phenomenon provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and decreasing costs. This development is transforming the world energy sector by boosting the portion of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power installations intended to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize solar panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through component that bending light to converge or spread out rays, producing images. It is frequently used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for enhanced vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and enhance light passage. It boosts the clarity and brightness of lenses by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their wave heights cancel each other out, causing a reduction or total eradication of the resultant wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waves are phase-shifted by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, typically used in power supply systems. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern over time, permitting effective conveyance over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a small component used to convert DC from a single solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It improves system performance by optimizing energy production at the panel level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical energy delivered through a system where the potential difference and current cyclically reverse orientation, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in households and commercial sectors to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical connector used to deliver DC power from a power source to an device. It usually consists of a round plug and jack that guarantee a secure and dependable link for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide protection approval body that evaluates and approves products to confirm they adhere to specific protection standards. It assists consumers and companies identify trustworthy and safe products through rigorous assessment and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electronic circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this arrangement, the identical current passes through all parts, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple paths for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate separately, with the total current split among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode serves as a semiconductor device that permits current to flow in a single sense only, acting as a unidirectional valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12V, created to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and add-ons within a automobile. It permits users to power electronic gadgets or operate small electronics when on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripheral devices to computing systems, enabling information exchange and electric power. It backs a wide range of devices such as keypads, mice, external drives, and cell phones, with various generations delivering faster speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into usable energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for optimizing energy production and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It focuses on developments in solar power, wind, bioenergy, and additional renewable sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic waves, ranging from radio signals to high-energy photons, all possessing different lengths and energy levels. This spectrum is essential for numerous technological applications and natural phenomena, allowing signal transmission, diagnostic imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a important role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin harm and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color palette based on shades of a single hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create harmony and accord. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per sq meter. It is a crucial parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to measure the magnitude of power or energy flow received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It aids in grasping the dispersion and transfer of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to illustrate the spread of light or signal frequencies in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big body of air's with relatively even temperature and dampness properties, originating from certain origin regions. These air masses affect weather patterns and atmospheric situations as they pass through diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar power is the assessment of the intensity per square meter received from the solar source in the form of solar rays. It changes with solar activity and Earth's weather systems, impacting climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar power refers to the collection of debris, and impurities on the surface of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and care are important to minimize energy waste and ensure optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a short connection, or short circuit, takes place, skipping the normal load. It poses a considerable safety hazard and can cause damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (W_peak) is a measure of the peak power generation of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It shows the module's peak potential to produce electricity in standard testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to determine the electrical potential between separate points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in photovoltaic modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is considered a semi-metal element crucial for plant development and applied in multiple industrial uses, such as glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical traits that render it beneficial in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant harnesses sunlight using large groups of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It offers an green energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated practice of employing land for both solar energy generation and farming, making the most of space and resources. This method improves crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy output. They are usually installed in a way that enhances performance by leveraging albedo reflection and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides cover while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of multiple photovoltaic modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in sustainable power systems to generate environmentally friendly, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a construction that delivers shade and cover from the conditions for outdoor living spaces. It boosts the practicality and look of a terrace, making it a pleasant area for rest and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the angle between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, usually true north, to the line linking an surveyor to a target object. It is commonly used in wayfinding, land measurement, and astronomy to specify the direction of an celestial body in relation to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant Occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance widely used in thin-film solar cells due to its high efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates outstanding optical characteristics, making it a popular option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An catalog of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in promoting solar energy adoption and advancement across various markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A GW is a quantity of energy output equal to a billion watts, used to assess big power generation generation and usage. It is typically associated with electricity stations, national grids, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, focused on manufacturing thin film solar panels that provide high-performance and affordable power generation. The company is focused on green renewable energy advancement and decreasing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly connecting various elements of factory and automated systems to enhance efficiency and reliability. It concentrates on developing cutting-edge solutions that enable seamless communication and interoperability among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a leading Chinese firm focused on the manufacturing and development of solar-powered solar products and solutions. Renowned for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often employed to indicate the ability of massively scaled power production or usage. It underscores the huge power magnitude involved in current energy framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost reduces as overall production rises, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies obtained over time. This effect highlights the value of learned skills in lowering costs and improving productivity in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor substances, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or less than the price of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that green energy technologies are financially competitive with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to homes and enterprises through a network of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the country, and is delivered through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for guaranteeing the efficient and dependable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the solar radiation using solar cells to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It represents a sustainable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in residential, corporate, and factory environments to generate green, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar energy items features a selection of devices that utilize sunlight to convert energy, supporting environmentally friendly and sustainable living. These solutions include everything from solar chargers and lights to home equipment and outdoor gear, offering versatile solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a plant that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses plus reflectors focusing solar radiation onto high-performance photovoltaic cells, considerably enhancing energy capture using a smaller area. This method works well where direct, strong sunlight and provides a viable solution to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |