| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module are devices that change sunlight into using photovoltaic cells. These are an eco-friendly and alternative energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a device that collects sunlight to convert heat, typically used for water heating or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, decreasing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate heat, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity generation. It is a green and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers GHG emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced nation in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and vibrant cities like London. It boasts a mixed terrain of rolling hills, old castles, and bustling urban centers that combine tradition with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the organic radiance emitted by the sun, vital for existence on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also adds to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a type of energy resulting from the flow of ions, primarily electrons. It drives countless devices and networks, facilitating modern life and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts sunlight directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a negative electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, typically produced by cell packs, power sources, and solar cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that holds chemical energy and converts it into current to run various electronic gadgets. It includes multiple galvanic units, each housing anode and cathode separated by an electrolyte. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an green energy option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A photovoltaic inverter is a device that transforms DC generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for household use and grid integration. It is essential for optimizing energy use and ensuring secure, consistent energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity regularly, generally used in residential and business power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that manages the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It provides optimal energy flow and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measuring instrument is a tool used to measure the dimension, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes gadgets like rulers, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a device that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to follow the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This technology enhances the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive installations that capture sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a sustainable and eco-friendly energy power, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to generate electricity from sunlight. This renewable energy source helps cut down on reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a eco-friendly energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and decreases reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to benefit from potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from human activities like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an orbiting platform equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to the planet's surface for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home power storage systems store excess power generated from green sources or the power grid for future use, boosting energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These systems commonly employ batteries to deliver backup power, reduce energy expenses, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells tracks the advancement and advancements in solar power technology from the early finding of the solar effect to current high-performance photovoltaic modules. It highlights major innovations, including the invention of the original silicon solar cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have greatly boosted power transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and glow. His research laid the basis for comprehending how radiation interacts with particular materials to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for finding out the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an open-source framework used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and web browsers, making it a versatile tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US innovator who invented the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work laid the foundation for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases large amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a prestigious R&D organization traditionally associated with AT&T, known for groundbreaking innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of countless groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, famous for its essential role in the production of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a hard, fragile crystal material with a blue-grey metallic luster, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the electronic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a little unit installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This technology improves system performance, facilitates improved system tracking, and improves power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a component that converts sunlight immediately into electricity through the solar energy process. It is frequently used in solar panels to supply a renewable and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts over sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon is a elementary particle representing a packet of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum and energy without containing rest mass. It serves a key role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The PV effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials convert sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This event is the basic concept behind solar panel systems, allowing the harnessing of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the foundation for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through processes like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic devices due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their light, pliable configuration, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a lower cost. They use layers of semiconductor materials only a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the mass of construction parts and stationary equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furniture, and weather conditions. Both are critical considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components across the same voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power refers to the speed at which electric power flows by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy, and is essential for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A watt is a measure of power in the SI system, representing the rate of energy movement or transformation. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which drives the stream of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and represents the energy per unit charge available to move electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A voltage is the standard unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the SI system. It measures the potential energy per coulomb between locations in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electric charge through a conductor wire, usually measured in A. It is necessary for supplying electronic gadgets and enabling the operation of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere serves as the unit of electrical current in the International System of Units, represented by A. It measures the flow of electric charge through a circuit over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the layout and capacity of power systems to ensure reliable and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction box is an electrical enclosure used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a clip-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a easy and consistent method of supplying electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is commonly used for recharging and feeding a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that changes DC from inputs like accumulators or solar panels into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the operation of regular electrical equipment in settings where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack is an collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the angle of solar modules to track the sun movement throughout the daytime, maximizing power intake. This technology boosts the performance of solar energy collection by ensuring optimal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the power output of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the working point to align with the peak power point of the solar panels. This process guarantees the highest efficiency energy harvesting, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | A power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a device that monitors and analyzes the efficiency of solar power systems in real-time, offering useful data on energy generation and system health. It helps maximize solar energy output by spotting problems early and ensuring highest performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are flexible, versatile photovoltaic devices made by depositing slim layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Solar cells convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are frequently used in photovoltaic modules to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of countless minute silicon crystals, frequently used in solar panels and microchip production. Its production involves melting and restructuring silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline form appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a high-purity form of silicon with a single crystal structure, making it highly efficient for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its uniform formation allows for enhanced electron flow, resulting in higher efficiency compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a type of thin film solar technology that offers a affordable and efficient alternative for large-scale solar energy generation. They are known as their great absorption performance and moderately affordable manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic devices are laminate photovoltaic cells that employ a layered material of Cu, In, gallium, and selenium to convert sunlight into power effectively. They are recognized for their excellent absorption efficiency, bendability, and possibility for lightweight, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a amorphous atomic arrangement, making it easier to handle and simpler to apply than ordered silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and adaptable properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to surpass traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and innovative techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar panels are innovative photovoltaic modules that employ multiple p-n junctions layered together to absorb a more extensive range of the solar spectrum, greatly boosting their efficiency. These are primarily used in space applications and high-performance solar power systems due to their outstanding energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar panels serve as crucial elements that generate sunlight into electric power to supply onboard equipment. Usually lightweight, long-lasting, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic element, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics utilize focusing elements or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, significantly increasing energy conversion efficiency. This approach is ideal for large-scale solar power plants in areas with sunny sunlight, providing a affordable approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Thin-film silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a economical alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in building-integrated photovoltaics and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and flexibility. They offer a easy-to-handle, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with reliable operation in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These layers are essential in electronic systems, optical systems, and films for their distinctive physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and economical energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of material covering tiny nanometric scales to several micrometers in dimension, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These layers are used in various industries, including electronic devices, light manipulation, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are crucial in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision measuring instruments used to precisely measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, generally in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon substrate is a narrow, ring-shaped slice of silicon crystal used as the base for fabricating semiconductor devices. It serves as the primary material in the production of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact photovoltaic devices known for their high efficiency and flexibility, ideal for multiple fields. They utilize a stratified semiconductor architecture that converts sunlight straight into electrical energy with outstanding effectiveness in low-light settings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a relatively high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Solar PV systems convert solar energy directly into energy using solar panels, providing a renewable energy source for household, commercial, and grid applications. They offer a clean, sustainable, and cost-effective way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a light-reactive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and flexible alternative to standard silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and energy conversion through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, adaptable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photoelectric devices that employ carbon-based molecules, to convert solar radiation into electric power. They are easy to handle, bendable, and offer the potential for cost-effective, extensive solar power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a potential electronic substance used in laminate solar cells due to its abundant and safe elements. Its superior optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, building exteriors, and fenestration. This cutting-edge approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to diffuse through, obscuring detailed visibility but yet still permitting shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a transparent film to the interior or exterior of automobiles or edifices panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and provides a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of photovoltaic power stations overview various extensive solar energy installations around the planet, highlighting their capacities and sites. These stations serve a vital role in sustainable energy production and global efforts to reduce carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are large-scale facilities that convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They play a vital role in clean energy production, reducing reliance on coal and oil, and reducing carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, global warming, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collective efforts to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are constantly replenished, such as the sun, wind, and hydropower. It offers a renewable option to fossil fuels, reducing environmental harm and supporting sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, crude oil, and natural gas, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are depleted when used. They are the primary energy sources for power production and transportation but pose ecological and renewability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable resources into electrical energy. This process usually takes place in power stations where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as Pb, mercury, metallic cadmium, and As that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness assesses how effectively a photovoltaic device generates sunlight into convertible energy. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to higher-than-normal stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of solar panels has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological advancements and reducing prices. This expansion is transforming the international energy scene by increasing the percentage of renewable solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power installations built to generate electricity on a business scale, providing power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through device that bends light to converge or spread out rays, creating images. It is frequently used in instruments like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It enhances the sharpness and brightness of screens by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes counteract each other, leading to a reduction or total eradication of the resultant wave. This event typically happens when the waves are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates following a sine wave as time progresses, allowing efficient transmission across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a compact entity used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic use. It improves system performance by maximizing power output at the module level and eases installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electrical power delivered through a setup where the potential difference and electric flow cyclically reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is generally used in residences and factories to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a kind of electrical coupling used to deliver DC energy from a power source to an device. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and receptacle that provide a firm and trustworthy link for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a global protection validation body that evaluates and approves products to guarantee they meet particular security requirements. It supports consumers and companies recognize reliable and protected products through rigorous assessment and testing processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this configuration, the constant electric current passes through all parts, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple channels for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode acts as a semiconductor device that allows current to move in a single way exclusively, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12 volt, created to deliver electrical energy for various devices and accessories inside a car. It permits users to recharge electronic gadgets or operate small electronics when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a standard for linking devices to PCs, facilitating data transmission and power delivery. It accommodates a variety of peripherals such as keyboards, mouses, external storage, and cell phones, with different generations providing faster speeds and upgraded functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into generated energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy generation and making solar power more cost-effective and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to promote a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses the entire range of electromagnetic radiation, extending from radio signals to gamma radiation, featuring varied lengths and energy levels. This spectrum is crucial to many technologies and natural events, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | UV light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It serves a important role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also lead to skin damage and skin aging caused by light. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color palette based on shades of a sole hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create balance and unity. This composition approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per sq meter. It is a key parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to measure the strength of radiation or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, frequently in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the spread and conveyance of radiation across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the range of different hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is commonly used to depict the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a big body of atmosphere with comparatively even thermal and moisture characteristics, coming from from particular starting areas. These airmass influence weather systems and air situations as they pass through various regions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the intensity per unit area received from the Sun in the form of solar rays. It fluctuates with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the accumulation of dust, and foreign matter on the panels of photovoltaic modules, which reduces their output. Regular cleaning and servicing are essential to reduce energy waste and guarantee optimal efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage accessible from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it has been disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, bypassing the normal load. It presents a major safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power output of a solar array under optimal sunlight conditions. It shows the panel's peak potential to create electricity in typical testing conditions . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the potential difference between two locations in a electrical system. It is frequently utilized in various electrical and electronic applications to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in PV modules where elevated voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi-metal chemical element essential for plant growth and employed in multiple industrial applications, like glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical properties that cause it useful in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using extensive groups of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of using land for both solar power production and cultivation, optimizing space and resources. This strategy boosts crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight using both surfaces, boosting overall energy production. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a structure that provides shelter while creating electricity through embedded solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to merge environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a group of several solar modules arranged to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to generate environmentally friendly, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that offers shade and protection from the weather for exterior areas. It enhances the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a cozy area for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the angle between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a celestial object. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an surveyor to a point of interest. It is often used in navigation, mapping, and astrophysics to specify the bearing of an celestial body relative to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Setting up solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor material extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A list of photovoltaics companies showcases the major manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies are key in advancing solar energy implementation and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to one billion W, used to quantify massive electricity production and consumption. It is generally associated with electricity stations, national grids, and large-scale energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar is a worldwide leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin-film solar panels that deliver high efficiency and affordable energy production. The company is focused on sustainable renewable energy advancement and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in smoothly integrating various components of factory and automated systems to boost performance and dependability. It aims on creating advanced solutions that promote smooth communication and interoperability among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is an leading Chinese corporation focused on manufacturing and innovating solar solar goods and services. It is known for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often utilized to represent the capacity of large-scale power generation or consumption. It underscores the vast energy extent involved in modern power framework and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost decreases as total output increases, due to learning curve and efficiencies gained over time. This effect highlights the importance of accumulated experience in lowering costs and enhancing efficiency in manufacturing and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics convert sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This system is a pure, renewable energy source that aids reduce reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of producing solar or wind energy becomes the same as or lower than the cost of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that sustainable energy technologies are economically comparable with traditional coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the main electrical power supplied to residences and companies through a system of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for different appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) refers to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Sunlight is absorbed from the sun's rays using solar cells to produce electricity or through thermal solar systems to produce heat. It is a renewable, renewable, and planet-friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in domestic, corporate, and manufacturing environments to create clean, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A catalog of solar energy goods features a range of devices that capture sunlight to generate energy, supporting environmentally friendly and eco-conscious living. These items include everything from solar chargers and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, offering flexible options for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a facility that generates sunlight immediately into electricity using solar modules. It is a renewable energy source that helps reduce reliance on non-renewable energy and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ optical lenses and reflectors to focus sunlight on advanced solar cells, considerably increasing power output using a compact footprint. This technology is particularly effective where bright, direct sunlight and offers a promising approach to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
