| Solar panel | Photovoltaic module act as components that change sunlight to electricity using solar cells. These are an eco-friendly and alternative energy source, minimizing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar energy collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to convert heat, typically used for hot water production or space heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and sustainable technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic country in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural heritage, famous sights, and lively urban areas like London. It boasts a mixed terrain of undulating terrain, old castles, and bustling urban centers that mix tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Daylight is the environmental radiance emitted by the sun, essential for living organisms on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electromagnetic energy is a form of power resulting from the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It powers innumerable appliances and networks, enabling modern life and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are subatomic particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, usually produced by cell packs, power supplies, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a consistent voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that stores chemical energy and converts it into electric power to operate various electronic devices. It includes multiple galvanic units, each housing anode and cathode divided by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts sunlight immediately into power using photovoltaic panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power solution that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a instrument that converts direct current (DC) created by solar panels into AC suitable for domestic use and grid integration. It is essential for maximizing energy efficiency and guaranteeing safe, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | AC is an electric current that reverses direction regularly, typically used in residential and business power supplies. It allows for efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A power management device is a device that regulates the voltage and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It ensures efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to ascertain the extent, quantity, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, thermometers, and barometers that provide accurate readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that automatically adjusts the orientation of solar panels to track the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This technology boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar power plants are massive facilities that capture sunlight to generate electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a green and sustainable energy power, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves installing photovoltaic solar panels on building roofs to produce electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar power system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar power satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This electricity is then transmitted wirelessly to our planet for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions save excess power generated from renewable sources or the grid for future use, improving energy independence and efficiency. These systems commonly employ batteries to provide backup energy, reduce energy costs, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar panels chronicles the development and advancements in solar energy tech from the initial discovery of the solar effect to contemporary advanced solar arrays. It highlights key innovations, including the creation of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous developments that have significantly improved energy transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photovoltaic effect and luminescent phenomena. His tests laid the basis for comprehending how radiation interacts with specific media to generate electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photo-sensitive device and progress in initial photography and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | Selenium is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of light reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an US inventor who created the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | An coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce vapor that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductor. His work paved the way for modern photovoltaic technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Labs is a famous R&D entity historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the origin of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its key role in the production of electronic components and solar modules. It is a tough, brittle solid material with a bluish-gray sheen, predominantly employed as a semiconductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a compact device installed on each solar panel to convert direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This technology increases system performance, allows for improved system tracking, and increases power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar panel is a component that transforms sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy process. It is often used in solar panels to provide a green and sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that delivers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | A photon serves as a fundamental particle which represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without having rest mass. It serves a crucial role in the connections between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances convert sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This effect is the fundamental principle behind solar cell technology, enabling the utilization of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | An wafer in electrical engineering is a slim slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the foundation for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the primary platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a super pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of photovoltaic cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its structured, neat crystal lattice enables effective electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, flexible design, and ability to be produced on large surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of building components and permanent equipment, while live loads are temporary forces such as users, furniture, and external influences. Both are critical considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components end-to-end, so the same current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits link components between the identical voltage source, allowing several paths for current. These configurations influence the circuit's total resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electric power represents the speed at which electric power is conveyed by an electrical network, primarily for running devices and appliances. Produced through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear, and renewable energy, and fundamental for today's lifestyle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A measure of power is a measure of power in the metric system, representing the rate of energy transfer or conversion. It is equivalent to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which causes the movement of electrical current in a circuit. It is measured in V and indicates the work per single charge available to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the derived unit of electric potential, electric potential difference, and electromotive force in the metric system. It measures the electric energy per charge unit between locations in an electrical network. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electrical current is the passage of electricity through a conductor, usually measured in A. It is necessary for energizing electronic equipment and allowing the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Amp serves as the unit of electrical flow in the SI units, represented by A. It quantifies the flow of electrical charge through a conductor over a duration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the design and size of power systems to guarantee secure and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures organized and secure connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 plug is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a easy and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is often used for recharging and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that converts DC from supplies like batteries or photovoltaic arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for domestic gadgets. It permits the application of regular electrical equipment in locations where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | An battery pack is an collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Sun tracking devices automatically adjust the position of solar panels to monitor the sun movement throughout the 24 hours, maximizing solar energy capture. This technology improves the performance of solar energy collection by maintaining best panel positioning. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to optimize the power output of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the working point to align with the optimal power point of the solar cells. This process guarantees the best performance energy harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by separately enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A photovoltaic performance monitor is a device that observes and analyzes the performance of solar panel systems in real-time, providing important data on energy generation and system condition. It assists optimize solar energy generation by spotting faults promptly and securing maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are lightweight, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a economical and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in solar panels to supply energy to homes, appliances, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many minute silicon crystals, commonly used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its manufacturing process involves fusing and recrystallizing silicon to form a high-purity, polycrystalline structure suitable for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity variant of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its consistent formation allows for better electron transfer, resulting in better performance compared to other silicon types. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics represent a type of thin film solar system that presents a economical and high-performance option for massive solar energy harvesting. They are their excellent absorption performance and moderately affordable manufacturing fees versus traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices that utilize a multi-layered material of Cu, indium, Ga, and Se to turn sunlight into electricity effectively. They are recognized for their high light capturing effectiveness, flexibility, and possibility for portable, economical solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous silicon is a non-ordered molecular arrangement, making it more adaptable and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is commonly used in solar panels and electronic components due to its affordability and flexible properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic cells aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that use multiple p-n connections stacked together to collect a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. These are mainly used in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their superior energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft are vital components that generate sunlight into electric power to power onboard systems. Generally lightweight, durable, and crafted to function effectively in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-frequency electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and performance in high-frequency and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize focusing elements or reflectors to concentrate sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-junction solar cells, significantly increasing energy transformation efficiency. This technique is suitable for massive solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, delivering a affordable option for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and bendable form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a delicate coating of CIGS compound as the photovoltaic material, known for excellent energy conversion and flexibility. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with reliable operation in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film refers to a slender layer of material, often measured in nm or micrometers, used in multiple technological applications. These layers are crucial in electronic devices, optical systems, and coatings for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a eco-friendly and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A coating is a stratum of substance spanning a few nanometers to several micrometers in depth, often coated on surfaces for functional purposes. These films are used in various industries, including electronics, optical technologies, and medical applications, to alter surface properties or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to describe minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Measuring tools are accurate gauges used to precisely measure small distances or depths, generally in manufacturing and fabrication. They feature a calibrated screw device that allows for exact readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a fine, circular section of silicon crystal used as the foundation for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the fabrication of ICs and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact solar units known for their high efficiency and adaptability, perfect for multiple fields. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor architecture that transforms sunlight straight into electricity with outstanding effectiveness in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is recognized for being economical and having a relatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert solar energy directly into energy using PV cells, supplying a green energy source for household, industrial, and utility-scale applications. They offer a environmentally friendly, renewable, and affordable way to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a solar energy device that turns sunlight into electricity using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and produce electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanosized semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that employ organic materials, to transform sunlight into electric power. They are compact, flexible, and enable lower-cost, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic substance used in laminate solar modules due to its earth-abundant and harmless elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an desirable substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics solar-integrated building systems seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, outer walls, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances energy performance while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to diffuse through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Window film installation involves applying a light film to the inside or outside of vehicle or building windows to cut down on glare, heat, and UV rays. It boosts privacy, increases energy efficiency, and gives a sleek aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations overview various large-scale solar energy plants around the world, highlighting their output and positions. These stations serve a vital role in renewable energy generation and global efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are large-scale facilities that turn sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on non-renewable energy sources, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climate change, and tree clearing that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as the sun, air currents, and hydropower. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels, reducing environmental harm and promoting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-sustainable energy resources, such as bituminous coal, crude oil, and natural gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are depleted when used. They are the chief power sources for power production and vehicle operation but pose environmental and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, atomic energy, and green energy into electricity. This process typically occurs in power plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are compact, toxic elements such as Pb, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Solar-cell efficiency indicates how efficiently a solar cell transforms sunlight into usable energy. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is key for optimizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric phenomenon occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle-like behavior of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and improve product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past decade, driven by innovations and reducing prices. This development is changing the world energy sector by raising the percentage of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power plants intended to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These installations typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A lens is a see-through component that refracts light to converge or separate rays, creating images. It is often used in equipment like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to adjust light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an incoming light ray and the normal line perpendicular to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a delicate film applied to vision surfaces to cut down on glare and improve light transmission. It boosts the clarity and luminosity of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes negate each other, leading to a decrease or complete elimination of the resultant waveform. This phenomenon usually happens when the waveforms are not in phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that alternates direction, typically used in electrical distribution networks. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally as time progresses, permitting effective conveyance over large spans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A small inverter is a small component used to change direct current (DC) from a single solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It boosts system efficiency by enhancing power output at the panel level and streamlines installation and upkeep. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a system where the potential difference and electric flow cyclically reverse polarity, enabling optimized transmission over vast spans. It is generally used in households and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC plug is a category of electrical connector used to deliver DC power from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and jack that ensure a reliable and trustworthy attachment for multiple electronic uses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | UL is a worldwide security certification body that tests and certifies products to guarantee they comply with specific protection norms. It supports consumers and businesses find trustworthy and protected products through rigorous assessment and analysis procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic circuits in which parts are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this arrangement, the same electric current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This setup allows components to operate independently, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | A diode serves as a solid-state device that allows current to pass in one way only, functioning as a one-way valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12-volt, intended to deliver electrical energy for different devices and accessories within a vehicle. It enables users to recharge electronic gadgets or run small electronics during on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for connecting peripheral devices to PCs, facilitating data transfer and power delivery. It supports a variety of devices such as keypads, mouses, external storage, and cell phones, with multiple versions providing faster speeds and enhanced features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Improving this efficiency plays a key role in maximizing energy output and making solar power affordable and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in green energy and energy conservation technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, ranging from radio signals to high-energy photons, all possessing varied lengths and energy levels. This range is fundamental to a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling signal transmission, medical imaging, and comprehension of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X ray radiation, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It serves a key role in processes like vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Monochromatic refers to a color design based on variations of a individual hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create balance and accord. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining uniform color elements throughout a layout. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to calculate the magnitude of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a defined surface, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the spread and movement of power across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, visible or otherwise. It is commonly used to depict the distribution of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a big body of air's with fairly uniform temperature and dampness properties, deriving from from particular source regions. These airmass affect weather systems and sky conditions as they pass through diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Solar power is the measure of the power per square meter received from the Sun in the form of solar rays. It varies with solar activity and Earth's atmospheric conditions, impacting global climate and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar power refers to the buildup of dirt, and foreign matter on the panels of solar arrays, which reduces their efficiency. Routine maintenance and care are necessary to limit energy waste and maintain best efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the peak electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a indicator of the peak power generation of a solar panel under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak capacity to generate electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A voltmeter is an electrical instrument used to measure the electrical potential between two locations in a electrical system. It is frequently utilized in numerous electrical and electronic setups to verify proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a substantial reduction in power generation and performance. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a metalloid element essential for plant growth and applied in multiple industrial applications, such as glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has special chemical traits that render it useful in manufacturing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a stable and durable foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A solar power plant captures sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic panels to generate renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of employing land for both solar power production and farming, optimizing space and resources. This approach improves crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar energy devices able to absorb sunlight from both their front and rear surfaces, enhancing overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by leveraging albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a installation that provides shelter while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is often installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a assembly of several solar modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is often used in renewable energy systems to produce clean, sustainable power for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A patio shield is a construction that delivers shade and protection from the weather for al fresco areas. It enhances the usability and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a pleasant zone for leisure and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the sky relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line linking an observer to a target object. It is commonly used in wayfinding, surveying, and astronomy to specify the direction of an target in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as falls from heights and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant occupational hazards of solar panel installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | CdTe is a semiconductor substance extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its superior efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It exhibits outstanding optical properties, making it a common choice for solar applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the top manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are essential in advancing solar energy integration and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a measure of electricity equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, used to assess big electricity production and utilization. It is commonly associated with power plants, power grids, and significant energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | The company First Solar is a international leader in solar energy solutions, focused on producing thin film solar panels that deliver high efficiency and affordable power generation. The organization is committed to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology expertise in seamlessly integrating various elements of manufacturing and automation systems to improve efficiency and reliability. It concentrates on creating innovative solutions that promote efficient communication and interoperability among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a leading Chinese-based firm specializing in the manufacturing and development of photovoltaic solar products and solutions. Famous for cutting-edge technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to describe the potential of massive power generation or consumption. It highlights the vast energy magnitude involved in modern power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the unit cost decreases as cumulative output grows, due to learning curve and optimization achieved over time. This concept highlights the value of learned skills in cutting expenses and improving productivity in production and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems transform sunlight straight into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, sustainable energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of generating solar or wind energy becomes equal to or lower than the price of buying power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that sustainable energy technologies are economically viable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the primary electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a network of power lines, providing a dependable source of energy for numerous appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the country, and is delivered through alternating current. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for securing the effective and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | Solar energy is absorbed from the sun's rays using PV panels to generate electricity or through solar thermal systems to provide warmth. It is a green, eco-friendly, and planet-friendly energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in domestic, commercial, and factory settings to produce green, renewable electricity from sunlight. They also drive remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where conventional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered products features a range of gadgets that harness sunlight to convert energy, supporting eco-friendly and renewable living. These solutions include covering solar energy units and lights to household devices and outdoor gear, delivering versatile alternatives for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar energy facility is a plant that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a renewable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems integrate solar panels with other energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses and reflectors to focus solar radiation on highly efficient solar cells, greatly increasing energy capture using less space. This technology works well where bright, direct sunlight and provides a promising approach to reducing solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
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