Solar panel | Solar panel are devices that convert sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They serve as an environmentally friendly and alternative energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a device that absorbs sunlight to generate heat, typically used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a sustainable and eco-friendly technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a picturesque seaside town in West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | The country of England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its wealthy cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and bustling cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse landscape of undulating terrain, old castles, and lively city hubs that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Daylight is the natural illumination emitted by the star, essential for life on Earth as it offers energy for photosynthesis and affects climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of power due to the movement of charged particles, primarily electrons. It powers numerous appliances and systems, facilitating today’s lifestyle and tech innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a renewable energy source that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that surround the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the unidirectional stream of electric charge, usually produced by cell packs, electrical sources, and solar cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it necessary for electronic devices and low-voltage applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that holds chemical energy and converts it into electric power to operate various digital equipment. It consists of several galvanic units, each comprising anode and cathode interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into power using photovoltaic panels composed of solar cells. It is an eco-friendly energy option that reduces reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that changes DC produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) appropriate for household use and grid connection. It is essential for maximizing energy efficiency and guaranteeing safe, dependable electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes direction cyclically, usually used in domestic and industrial power supplies. It enables optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that controls the voltage level and current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and damage. It ensures efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a device used to determine the size, quantity, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, temperature sensors, and pressure gauges that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation boosts the efficiency of solar power systems by maintaining best sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Solar farms are huge facilities that capture sunlight to create electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They provide a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic solar panels on roofs of buildings to generate electricity from sunlight. This sustainable energy source helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-integrated solar power system converts sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It enhances energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, contributing to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and convert it into electricity. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for application as an eco-friendly power supply. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess power generated from renewable sources or the power grid for later use, enhancing energy independence and effectiveness. These installations commonly employ batteries to offer backup power, lower energy costs, and support grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The history of solar panels tracks the progress and improvements in solar energy technology from the initial finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern advanced photovoltaic modules. It features major innovations, including the development of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing innovations that have greatly boosted power transformation and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born scientist renowned for his groundbreaking work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His research laid the groundwork for understanding how light interacts with certain media to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His work formed the basis for the development of the photo-sensitive device and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source platform used for automated testing of web browsers, enabling testers to mimic user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for test automation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of luminescence and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization effect of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic wave behavior and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an United States inventor who developed the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the foundation for the contemporary photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by burning coal to produce vapor that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductor materials. His work laid the foundation for modern photovoltaic technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned research and development entity long-standing associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in communications, computing, and materials research. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, widely known for its essential role in the fabrication of electronic devices and solar modules. It is a hard, fragile crystalline material with a blue-grey shine, primarily used as a semi-conductor in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a small device installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This technology increases system effectiveness, facilitates improved system tracking, and improves energy yield in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a device that turns sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is commonly used in photovoltaic systems to provide a green and renewable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a sustainable energy technology that offers sustainable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon serves as a fundamental particle representing a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum and energy without having rest mass. It serves a key role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, enabling phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances transform sunlight straight into electricity through the creation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the basic foundation behind solar cell technology, enabling the utilization of solar solar power for energy creation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a thin slice of semiconductor material, typically silicon, used as the base for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar panels and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of solar power system characterized by their lightweight, bendable structure, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a more affordable price. They use strata of semiconductor substances just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, fixtures, and weather conditions. Both are important considerations in building planning to guarantee safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits join components end-to-end, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits connect components between the identical voltage source, permitting multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current distribution, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy represents the rate at which electricity is transferred by an electrical network, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A watt is a unit of power in the International System of Units, showing the measure of energy transfer or conversion. It is equal to one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electric pressure difference between two points, which causes the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per unit charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the standard unit of electric potential, voltage difference, and electromotive force in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per charge unit between locations in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the flow of electricity through a conductor, commonly measured in amps. It is crucial for supplying electronic gadgets and enabling the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp serves as the measure of electric flow in the SI units, symbolized as A. It measures the movement of electrical charge through a conductor over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by appliances and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and capacity of power systems to ensure safe and efficient energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical casing used to safely house wire connections, providing a core for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 connector is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and dependable manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a simple and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is commonly used for recharging and supplying a wide range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) from sources like batteries or solar arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It enables the operation of common electrical appliances in locations where only DC power is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack serves as a collection of multiple individual batteries designed to store and supply electrical energy for different devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the orientation of solar panels to track the sun movement throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation increases the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by maintaining best panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to maximize the energy production of photovoltaic systems by continuously adjusting the operating point to match the maximum power point of the solar panels. This process ensures the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under changing weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer serves as a device used in solar energy systems to boost energy output by separately improving the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that monitors and analyzes the efficiency of photovoltaic panel systems in instantaneous, offering important data on energy production and system health. It helps maximize solar power generation by detecting issues promptly and ensuring maximum efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are flexible, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sun rays directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are frequently used in solar panels to supply energy to homes, electronic gadgets, and full solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many minute silicon crystals, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its production involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to generate a high-purity, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Mono silicon is a ultra-pure type of silicon with a uniform crystal framework, making it very effective for use in photovoltaic modules and electronics. Its uniform formation allows for improved charge movement, resulting in better efficiency compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a type of thin-film solar method that presents a economical and efficient solution for large-scale solar energy generation. They are recognized for their great absorption performance and comparatively reduced manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible photovoltaic cells that utilize a composite compound of copper, In, gallium, and Se to convert sunlight into power effectively. They are known for their great light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and possibility for lightweight, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Non-crystalline silicon is a disordered atomic structure, making it easier to handle and easier to deposit than structured silicon. It is frequently used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and flexible characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, cutting costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are innovative photovoltaic devices that use multiple p-n connections arranged in unison to capture a broader range of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. These are mostly employed in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their excellent energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that transform solar radiation into electric power to supply onboard systems. Generally lightweight, robust, and built for efficient operation in the harsh environment of space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metallic element and a non-metallic component, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-frequency transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and effectiveness in RF and optoelectronic applications. It is often used in components such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV utilize focusing elements or mirrors to direct sunlight onto very efficient multi-band solar cells, substantially improving energy conversion efficiency. This approach is perfect for large-scale solar power plants in areas with direct sunlight, providing a cost-effective approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and pliant form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable power sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a ultra-thin layer of CIGS compound as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a easy-to-handle, economical alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a delicate layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in multiple technological uses. These layers are essential in electronics, light manipulation, and films for their unique physical and chemical characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on rooftops of buildings, providing a renewable and affordable energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of substance spanning a few nanometers to several micrometers in dimension, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These layers are used in multiple sectors, including electronics, optical technologies, and medicine, to change surface traits or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometric units are measurement units the same as one-billionth of a meter, commonly used to depict extremely small distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision measuring instruments used to accurately measure minute thicknesses or widths, commonly in machining and production. They feature a adjusted screw device that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon wafer is a thin, disk-shaped section of silicon crystal used as the base for producing semiconductor devices. It acts as the primary material in the fabrication of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | CIGS photovoltaic cells are flexible solar units famous for their excellent performance and flexibility, ideal for diverse applications. They utilize a multilayer semiconductor structure that turns sunlight straight into power with outstanding efficiency in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon is a kind of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its several crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being affordable and having a comparatively high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into energy using solar panels, offering a renewable energy source for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. They provide a environmentally friendly, long-lasting, and economical way to decrease reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decrease CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compound as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a light-to-electricity device that converts sunlight into electrical energy using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a cost-effective and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with potential for see-through and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and energy conversion through quantum size effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic photovoltaic devices are photoelectric devices that use organic materials, to turn solar radiation into electric power. They are lightweight, flexible, and offer the potential for lower-cost, extensive solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising photovoltaic compound used in laminate solar modules due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optical-electronic properties make it an appealing substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate photovoltaic technology into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, building exteriors, and fenestration. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining aesthetic appeal and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material bearing minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency permits light to scatter through, obscuring detailed visibility but still allowing shapes and light to penetrate. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a light film to the inside or outside of automobiles or edifices panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It enhances privacy, enhances energy efficiency, and gives a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations overview various extensive solar energy installations around the world, demonstrating their power and sites. These stations function a vital role in sustainable energy generation and international efforts to lower carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Solar power facilities are massive installations that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar modules. They are crucial in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on coal and oil, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as contamination, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect wild habitats. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably sourced, such as sunlight, wind, and water. It offers a eco-friendly alternative to traditional fuels, minimizing environmental impact and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as coal, crude oil, and natural gas, are limited reserves formed over millions of years and are exhausted when used. They are the main power sources for electrical energy and transportation but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear energy, and green energy into electricity. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce electric current for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, toxic elements such as plumbum, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance measures how efficiently a solar cell transforms sunlight into convertible energy. Enhancing this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum physics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to speedily determine their durability and forecast their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has accelerated rapidly over the past decade, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This growth is revolutionizing the world energy sector by increasing the share of clean solar power in electricity generation processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power installations built to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a transparent component that bending light to focus or separate rays, producing images. It is commonly used in devices like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to control light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light interacts with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a thin layer applied to optical surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It enhances the sharpness and luminosity of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Negative interference occurs when a pair of waves meet in a manner that that their amplitude levels negate each other, leading to a diminution or total eradication of the resultant wave. This event typically happens when the waveforms are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that periodically reverses, typically used in power supply systems. The voltage fluctuates sinusoidally over time, permitting cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A microinverter is a tiny component used to change DC from a single solar module into AC suitable for home applications. It enhances system efficiency by maximizing energy production at the module level and streamlines installation and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or AC electrical energy, is electrical power delivered through a setup where the potential difference and electric current cyclically reverse orientation, enabling optimized transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in households and commercial sectors to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a type of electrical coupling used to provide DC power from a energy source to an electronic equipment. It usually consists of a cylindrical plug and socket that guarantee a secure and dependable attachment for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a worldwide safety approval agency that assesses and endorses products to guarantee they comply with certain security norms. It supports consumers and companies recognize dependable and safe products through thorough assessment and analysis processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current flow. In this setup, the identical electric current passes through all elements, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel circuits are electronic circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows devices to operate independently, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode is a solid-state device that permits current to flow in a single way only, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electrical systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An car auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12V, designed to deliver electrical energy for multiple devices and add-ons inside of a car. It enables users to charge electronic electronics or use small appliances during on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking devices to computing systems, enabling information exchange and power delivery. It accommodates a broad spectrum of devices such as keyboards, pointer devices, external drives, and smartphones, with different revisions delivering higher speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency relates to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into electrical energy. Enhancing this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy generation and making solar power economical and renewable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. DOE federal research facility dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy conservation technologies. It is committed to advancing breakthroughs in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to support a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses every kind of EM radiation, ranging from wireless signals to gamma rays, each with diverse lengths and power. This spectrum is fundamental to a wide array of devices and the natural world, allowing signal transmission, healthcare imaging, and comprehension of the cosmos. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wavelength shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X ray radiation, primarily generated by the sun. It serves a important role in processes like vitamin D production but can also lead to skin injury and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color design based on variations of a individual hue, using diverse shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This design approach emphasizes minimalism and sophistication by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight hitting a particular zone. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a standard unit used to calculate the intensity of energy or energy flow received or emitted over a defined area, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the spread and transfer of power across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different tones or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or otherwise. It is frequently used to describe the dispersion of light or signal bandwidths in different scientific and technological contexts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a large mass of air with fairly even temperature and dampness features, coming from from particular source regions. These airmass influence weather systems and sky states as they travel over diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the quantification of the energy per square meter received from the Sun in the type of light. It fluctuates with solar cycles and Earth's atmospheric conditions, impacting global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the buildup of dust, and other particles on the surface of solar arrays, which diminishes their efficiency. Regular cleaning and care are essential to reduce energy loss and maintain optimal operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage refers to the maximum voltage available from a power source when current flow is absent, taken across its terminals. It represents the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the peak electrical current that flows through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, happens, skipping the normal load. It poses a major safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the highest power capacity of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak potential to create electricity in conventional testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an measuring tool used to check the voltage between two locations in a circuit. It is frequently utilized in different electrical and electronic fields to ensure proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a problem in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a significant reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to current leakage and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi metallic chemical element necessary for plant growth and employed in various industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses unique chemical properties that render it beneficial in producing robust, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A photovoltaic mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand weather conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar-powered power plant collects sunlight using extensive arrays of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It offers an environmentally friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the consolidated approach of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and farming, maximizing space and resources. This approach improves crop production while simultaneously generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial photovoltaic cells are photovoltaic devices able to absorb sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by utilizing albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a structure that provides shelter while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to blend environmental benefits with practical design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a group of multiple photovoltaic modules configured to produce electricity from sunlight. It is commonly used in renewable energy systems to produce clean, eco-friendly power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a structure that provides shade and protection from the weather for exterior areas. It enhances the practicality and aesthetic appeal of a patio, making it a pleasant space for relaxation and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is applied in astronomy and meteorology to indicate the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, usually true north, to the line between an viewer to a target object. It is commonly used in routing, land measurement, and astronomy to specify the bearing of an object relative to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electrical shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to severe weather and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor substance commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates excellent optical features, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A directory of photovoltaics companies showcases the top manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions across the globe. These companies are key in promoting solar energy implementation and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of electricity equal to one billion W, used to quantify big power generation generation and usage. It is generally associated with generating stations, electricity networks, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film-based solar modules that offer excellent efficiency and economical energy production. The firm is committed to eco-friendly renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world dependency on fossil fuels through cutting-edge solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in effortlessly connecting various parts of industrial and automation systems to improve productivity and dependability. It aims on developing cutting-edge solutions that promote seamless communication and interoperability among different tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic is a top Chinese-based firm focused on producing and developing photovoltaic photovoltaic items and systems. Famous for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives in the the renewable energy industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to one billion watts, often utilized to describe the capacity of massive power generation or consumption. It underscores the vast power extent involved in contemporary power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the phenomenon where the production cost decreases as overall production grows, due to gaining knowledge and improvements obtained over time. This effect highlights the significance of stored knowledge in reducing costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, green energy source that assists lessen reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of creating solar or wind energy is equivalent to or lower than the price of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that sustainable energy sources are economically viable with traditional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity serves as the primary electrical power supplied to homes and companies through a system of power lines, providing a reliable source of energy for various appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the region, and is supplied through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all elements of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, comprising inverters, racking, wiring, and supplementary electrical hardware. It is crucial for ensuring the effective and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is harnessed from the sun's rays using PV panels to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to generate heat. It is a sustainable, renewable, and planet-friendly energy source that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, business, and manufacturing settings to generate clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered goods features a selection of gadgets that capture sunlight to generate energy, supporting eco-friendly and renewable living. These items include ranging from solar power banks and lights to home equipment and outdoor tools, offering multi-purpose solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar energy facility is a installation that generates sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a sustainable energy source that helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They maximize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, cutting reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | CPV utilize lenses and reflectors to focus sunlight on advanced photovoltaic cells, greatly boosting energy capture from a smaller area. This technology is highly suitable where direct, strong sunlight and provides a promising approach to cut solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |